Mukthir Kotha

I am much interested to do something in the cyber world regarding Bangabandhu but my knowledge capacity & capabilities of investments are too limited. In 1972 some how I have met our great leader and appealed for any kind of job when I was jobless. Bangabandhu rehabilitate me as a freedom fighter and that is my weak point of lives to remember him ever.

In the year of 1953 I came to this beautiful world while violent storm was shivering mother earth. In the month of April on the 13th which happened to be a Tuesday, I cried for the first time on my mothers’ lap and all my relatives rejoiced. It was an occasion of double happiness because my birth brought the long happy New Year along with it.This is Mukthi, Mukthishena71, somebody called me Mokter, someone mothul, but in 1971 I have changed my name when I have joined the Liberation war as a freedom fighter. The freedom fighter of Bangladesh liberation war called Mukthi bahini / Mukthifouze / Mukthishena, just I have found the new name so no one can call me others name which is not perfect and didn’t like. I became Mukthi, Moktel Hossain Mukthi.

I’m from South Akal Barish Village, Banshgadi Union under Kalkini UpaZila of Madaripur district. I have created arround 150 blogs/websites of Bangladesh Independec, glorious victory of bengali nation, father of nation bangabandhu, war crime of 1971, rape victims, freedom fighters, deshratna sheikh hasina alongwith our dedicated leaders of bangladesh awami league. I have modified 1000 of rare images of Bangabandhu and others those you may see on http://muktimusician.picturepush.com and google search easily.

Basically I have sung tagore songs in the media. Sometimes composing the music and lyricist I couldn’t anything in my life. Neither had I done anything for the people nor for my family due to my abnormality in 1975 august. Whereas, I got so many opportunity/ chances in my life that I couldn’t proper used for the people whom I loved so much. I loved father of nation Bangabandhu we couldn’t safe him & his family in 1975 being a freedom fighter that was one kind of burning fire on my heartiest chest of bottom.

I have cried a lot on the streets in 1975 for Bangabandhu even I was on the streets until midnight as a mad (I was in then PG Hospital under treatment of Dr. Hazera Mahtab (daughter of Late Dr. Ibrahim & wife of Dr. Fashiuddin Mahtab) three months. the Ministry of Land allowed my job without pay of there months salary due to my abnormality.

After liberation father of nation Bangabandhu & first Prime Minister of Bangladesh Late tajuddin Ahmed had given me a job in the ministry of land in 1972. I have worked with 11 Ministers & 9 full secretary including Abu Taher (Bangabandhu was selected him for Governor of Dhaka Division) M. Mokammel Huq, M. Keramat ALi, Golam Mostofa, jamsher Uddin Dr. Kamal Uddin Siddiqui, Md, Shahidul Alam and other so many. It is my great pleasure that I have worked with late abdur rob serniabat, Mollah Jalal, Sri Fonibhushon Majumdar, demoted Minister Mohamed Ullah (few days President of Bangladesh) I have beaten the police officer at Tejgaon Rail line in 1976 in absence of mind than finally central jail. The police beaten me whole night’s even put hot water to my face. Do you know why I have beaten that police officer? Yes, which I want to tell you that police sub inspector used slang and foul language to father of nation Shahid Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib, sheikh kamal, sheikh jamal and sheikh fazlul haque moni at that midnight while I was coming from FDC Studio. After 14 days my elder brother took out me from the custody and finally PG Hospital for mental treatment. Dr. said its not mental case, just keep him as he as wants to do.

Second thing: I was in Japan in 1992. On e day I have participated 21 February program which was arranged by Bangladesh Embassy of Tokyo, Japan. The program will be inaugurated by the Deputy High Commissioner Bangabandhu murderer Lt. Col. Rashed Choudhury instead of the High Commissioner. The ex student leader Md. Kofiluddin, Akbor, Prince, mezbah, Apu sarwar will not allow Rashed Choudhury to touch the national and black mourn flags. They made rally to protect him from the inauguration program and I was one of them to protest & postpone entire program and if killer Rashed Choudhury inaugurate the program we will not perform at the same program. High Commission called police nearby 5 hundreds of police surround us. Police commissioner came and spokes all of us, than he realized the real situation. That was an ideals decision by all of us.

The empty ground of Bengali Nation will never be complete without referring to Shahid Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib & late four National Leaders. I am writing these songs in remembrance of those heroes given their valuable lives for the great victory of Bangladesh. It is my great pleasure that I was close to them all in 1972-1975 August 15.

More interesting some of story I’d like to tell you. Later on I was PS to Md. Noor Ali, Chairmen & Managing Director, Unique Group (1997-2001). Noor Ali was nominated by Awami League in 2001 for Nawabganj constituency. Late Agriculture Economist Shankar Goswami, President Bangladesh Student League (former APS to HPM AFM Bahauddin Nasim was the Secretary General of GOSWAMI NASIM COUNCIL) was political secretary. Late Shankar dada and I lead the entire election campaign at Nawabganj in 2001. I have written 10 songs for that election and published an album in favor of BOATS & NOOR ALI. You know 2001 National Assembly Election was engineering by the army and CIA PISI so Awami league failure to get the power.

Meanwhile, all the leaders are looking for their future position; the party is totally out of control, out of rules/resolutions & not united actively, constructively on the grassroots level, which will look after? Don’t know who will takecare of the party? Don’t know those are really dedicated they're in out of the cabinet. She is trying to solve the problem other than new cabinet members are little deference.

Thereafter, it was very sad heart paining story. Some of miscreants suddenly had attacked to Unique Group to heats NOOR ALI but he was in out only they found some of staffs and me. They hits me, kicks me as the human people some times beating the animals. They took my hair from my foreheads’. I apologized for my campaign, album & supporting Awami league. I said forgive me, I beg pardon as a freedom fighter to them. Leave me the country, I will never come and never sing any songs of Bangabandhu & Awami league. Everything i have reported to present Finance Minister and other but no response properly and those miscreants had hurt me still their in Gulshan Banani area. Being a freedom fighter I want justice. I want a major punishment of OC Nassir who was in Gulshan PS in 2002. Still I don't know is he in job or not?

No more dear friends ……………The memorial music album of Bangabandhu “mukthir gaan” 1 2 & 3 you may listen on: youtube.com/muktimusician

Wednesday, December 9, 2015

যুদ্ধাপরাধ: মুক্তাগাছায় আক্কাস গ্রেপ্তার

যুদ্ধাপরাধ: মুক্তাগাছায় আক্কাস গ্রেপ্তার
একাত্তরের মানবতাবিরোধী অপরাধের অভিযোগে ময়মনসিংহের মুক্তাগাছার রেজাউল করিম ওরফে আক্কাসকে গ্রেপ্তার করেছে পুলিশ। যুদ্ধাপরাধ: মুক্তাগাছার ৮ জনের বিরুদ্ধে পরোয়ানা ধবার গ্রামের বাড়ি পূর্বচেচুয়া থেকে তাকে গ্রেপ্তার করা হয় বলে জানান মুক্তাগাছা থানার ওসি আবু মোহাম্মদ ফজলুল করিম।দুপুরে আন্তর্জাতিক অপরাধ ট্রাইব্যুনাল আক্কাসসহ আটজনের
বিরুদ্ধে গ্রেপ্তারি পরোয়ানা জারির আদেশ দেয়।‘সুষ্ঠু তদন্তের স্বার্থে’ মুক্তাগাছার ‘রাজাকার’ হিসেবে পরিচিত আক্কাসসহ আট আসামিকে গ্রেপ্তারে বুধবার আন্তর্জাতিক অপরাধ ট্রাইব্যুনাল প্রসিকিউশন আবেদন করে।বিচারপতি মো. শাহিনুর ইসলামের নেতৃত্বাধীন দুই সদস্যের ট্রাইব্যুনাল একইদিন আবেদনের শুনানি করে।রেজাউল করিম ওরফে আক্কাস মৌলভী (৭০) চেচুয়া দাখিল মাদ্রাসার সুপার।স্থানীয়দের বরাত দিয়ে ওসি ফজলুল করিম জানান, পূর্বচেচুয়া গ্রামের মৃত মুসলেম উদ্দিনের ছেলে রেজাউল মুক্তিযুদ্ধের সময় মাদ্রাসা ছাত্র থাকা অবস্থায় আলবদর বাহিনীতে যোগ দেন।তার বিরুদ্ধে ওই সময় সুবর্ণখিলা গ্রামে মুক্তিযোদ্ধা আহমদ আলীসহ দুই মুক্তিযোদ্ধা হত্যা, চেচুয়ায় হিন্দুবাড়িতে গণহত্যা ও অগ্নিসংযোগের অভিযোগ রয়েছে বলে জানান ওসি।  তিনি জানান, স্বাধীনতার পর আক্কাস আত্মগোপন করেন। পরে নিজের নাম পরিবর্তন করে এ এস এম রেজাউল হক লেখেন।

আউটসোর্সিংয়ে ৫ বছরে দুই লাখ কর্মসংস্থান হবে: সজীব ওয়াজেদ জয়

আউটসোর্সিংয়ে ৫ বছরে দুই লাখ কর্মসংস্থান হবে: জয়

তথ্যপ্রযুক্তি খাতের মধ্যে আউটসোর্সিংকে আয়ের অন্যতম উপখাত উল্লেখ করে প্রধানমন্ত্রীর তথ্যপ্রযুক্তি উপদেষ্টা সজীব ওয়াজেদ জয় বলেছেন, আগামী পাঁচ বছরে এ খাত থেকে আয় বিলিয়ন ডলার এবং দুই লাখ কর্মসংস্থান সৃষ্টির লক্ষ্য রয়েছে সরকারের।বুধবার রাজধানীর হোটেল সোনারগাঁওয়ে প্রথম ‘বিজনেস প্রসেস আউটসোর্সিং সামিট-২০১৫’ (বিপিও) এর উদ্বোধনী অনুষ্ঠানে জয় তরুণদের তথ্যপ্রযুক্তি খাতের উদ্যোক্তা হওয়ার আহ্বান জানান।

সরকারের আইসিটি বিভাগ থেকে আউটসোর্সিংয়ের ওপর প্রশিক্ষণের ব্যবস্থা করা হয়েছে জানিয়ে তিনি বলেন, “গত বছর প্রায় ৩০ হাজার মত প্রশিক্ষণ দিয়েছি। আগামী বছর থেকে ৫০ হাজার জনকে প্রশিক্ষণ দেওয়া হবে।
“বর্তমানে আউটসোর্সিং থেকে আয় ১০০ মিলিয়ন ডলার এবং কর্মসংস্থান ২৫ হাজার হলেও আগামী পাঁচ বছরে তা এক বিলিয়ন ডলার এবং দুই লাখ কর্মসংস্থান সৃষ্টির লক্ষ্য রয়েছে।”
দেশে আউটসোর্সিংয়ের জনপ্রিয়তা বাড়াতে সরকারের তথ্য-প্রযুক্তি বিভাগ এবং বাংলাদেশ অ্যাসোসিয়েশন অফ কল সেন্টার অ্যান্ড আউটসোর্সিং যৌথভাবে দুদিনের বিপিও সামিটের আয়োজন করেছে।
দেশি-বিদেশি তথ্যপ্রযুক্তি খাতের পেশাদার ও কোম্পানি প্রতিনিধিরা এই আয়োজনে যোগ দিয়েছেন।   
আউটসোর্সিংয়ে ১৮ থেকে ৩৫ বছরের তরুণদের সবচেয়ে বেশি কর্মসংস্থানের সুযোগ রয়েছে মন্তব্য করে প্রধানমন্ত্রীর ছেলে বলেন, “এখানে আমাদের ভবিষ্যৎ তরুণদের কর্মসংস্থান নিশ্চিত করতে চাই আমরা। এটাই হচ্ছে আমাদের ডিজিটাল বাংলাদেশের, আওয়ামী লীগ সরকারের উদ্দেশ্য।”
জয় বলেন, “আজ থেকে ছয় বছর আগে আমরা যখন ডিজিটাল বাংলাদেশের যাত্রা আরম্ভ করি, তখন কিন্তু আজকে যে অগ্রগতি দেখতে পাচ্ছেন, তার কিছুই ছিল না। কেউ কল্পনা করতে পারেনি যে বাংলাদেশ এত অল্প সময়ের মধ্যে এতদূর এগিয়ে আসতে পারবে এই খাতে।”
তিনি জানান, ছয় বছর আগে আইসিটি খাতে মোট রপ্তানি ছিল ২৬ মিলিয়ন ডলার এবং কর্মসংস্থান ছিল কয়েক হাজার মানুষের। কিন্তু এসময়ের মধ্যে আইসিটি খাতের রপ্তানি ৩০০ মিলিয়ন পার হয়ে গেছে এবং কর্মসংস্থান হয়েছে দুই লাখেরও বেশি মানুষের।
“এরমধ্যে বিপিও সেক্টরেই কর্মসংস্থান আছে ২৫ হাজারের বেশি। ছয় বছর আগে বিপিও সেক্টর বলতে বাংলাদেশে কিছুই ছিল না,” বলেন জয়।
এই খাতকে আরো বড় করতে মানবসম্পদের প্রশিক্ষণসহ বিভিন্ন সুযোগ-সুবিধা সরকার সৃষ্টি করছে বলে জানান তিনি। 
জয় বলেন, “আমরা চাই, আমাদের তরুণরা উদ্যোক্তা হোক। নিজেদের উদ্যোগে তারা আউটসোর্সিং, ফ্রিল্যান্সিং, আইটি কোম্পানি করুক, যেখানে তারা নিজেদের কর্মসংস্থান এবং নিজেদের ভবিষ্যৎ নিশ্চিত করতে পারবে এবং দেশটাকেও এগিয়ে নিয়ে যেতে পারবে।”
দেশের প্রধান রপ্তানি পণ্য পোশাক খাতের চেয়ে তথ্যপ্রযুক্তি খাতে আয় কয়েকগুণ বেশি এবং ভবিষ্যতে পোশাক রপ্তানির চেয়ে আইটি পণ্য রপ্তানি বেশি হওয়া উচিৎ বলে মনে করেন তিনি।
কম্পিউটার বিজ্ঞানে নিজের স্মাতক করার কথা উল্লেখ করে শিক্ষার্থীদেরও তথ্যপ্রযুক্তিতে পড়ার আগ্রহ বাড়ানোর পরামর্শ দেন জয়।    

A freedom fighter is honored in all lands and in all times

A freedom fighter is honored in all lands and in all times, because he fights for a noble cause which is the freedom of the motherland. Freedom is the birthright of man, but sometimes this right is denied to a nation by foreign rulers. As a result, armed conflict takes places between and if freedom-loving people
and the occupation forces. Sometimes the war continues for years and if the people are united and determined then the freedom fighters win and the country achieves independence. The people of Bangladesh fought a glorious war of independence against the Pakistani occupation forces in 1971. In this Great War the Bangali members of the armed forces the students and the people from all walks of life took part. They fought for long nine months and defeated the well-trained Pakistani forces. Bangladesh became a free country. The people who fought against the Pakistani army and the people who took part in the war effort are called the freedom fighters. Many of the freedom fighters sacrificed their lives for the cause of the motherland. We owe our freedom of these noble freedom sacrificed their lives for the cause of the motherland. We owe our freedom of these noble freedom fighters. The freedom fighters will remain immortal in the history of Bangladesh
Mukti Bahini (Bengali: মুক্তি বাহিনী "Liberation Army"), also termed as the "Freedom Fighters" or FFs, collectively refers to the armed organizations who fought against the Pakistan Army during theBangladesh Liberation War. It was dynamically formed by (mostly) Bengali regulars and civilians after the proclamation of Bangladesh's independence on March 26, 1971. Subsequently by mid-April 1971, the Bengali officers and soldiers of East Bengal Regiments formed the "Bangladesh Armed Forces" and M. A. G. Osmani assumed its command. The civilian groups continued to assist the armed forces during the war. After the war Mukti Bahini became the general term to refer to all forces (military and civilian) of former East Pakistani
origin fighting against the Pakistani armed forces during the Bangladesh Liberation War. Often Mukti Bahini operated as an effectiveguerrilla force to keep their enemies on the run. Inspired in part by revolutionary Che Guevara,[1]they have been compared to the French Maquis, Viet Cong, and the guerrillas of Josip Broz Tito in their tactics and effectiveness.[2]
Contents
1 Origins
2 Organization during war
3 Regular and irregular forces
o 3.1 Bangladesh Navy
o 3.2 Bangladesh Air Force
o 3.3 Independent forces
o 3.4 Leftist factions
4 Sectors of Liberation War
5 Mukti Bahini in the final phase
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links
Although Mukti Bahini was formed to fight off the military crackdown by the Pakistan army on March 25, 1971 during the climax of the Bangladesh freedom movement, The crisis had already started taking shape with anti-Ayub uprising in 1969 and precipitated into a political crisis at the height of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's Six-point movement beginning in the 1970s. In March 1971, rising political discontent andcultural nationalism in what was then East Pakistan (later, Bangladesh) was met by harsh[3] suppressive force from the ruling elite of the West Pakistan establishment[4] in what came to be termed Operation Searchlight.[5] India started actively aiding and re-organising what was by this time already the nucleus of the Mukti Bahini.This led to a crackdown by West Pakistan forces[6] became an important factor in precipitating the civil war as a sea of refugees (estimated at the time to be about 10 million)[7][8] came flooding to the eastern provinces of India.
The immediate precursor of the Mukti
Bahini was Mukti Fauj ("Fauj" is the Urdu originally from Persian borrowed from Arabic for "Brigade" exported into several languages in South Asia including Bengali), which was preceded denominationally by the sangram parishads formed in the cities and villages by the student and youth leaderships in early March 1971. When and how the Mukti Fauj was created is not clear nor is the later adoption of the name Mukti Bahini. It is, however, certain that the names originated generically refer to the people who fought in the Bangladesh liberation war. Since the anti-Ayub uprising in 1969 and during the height of Mujib's six points movement, there was a growing movement among the Bengalis in East Pakistan to become independent driven by the nationalists, radicals and leftists. After the election of 1970, the subsequent crisis strengthened that feeling within the people. Sheikh Mujib himself was facing immense pressure from most prominent political quarters, especially the ultra-nationalist young student leaders, to declare independence without delay. Armed preparations were going on by some leftist and nationalist groups, and the Bengali army officers and soldiers were prepared to defect. At the call of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman the people of East Pakistan joined in a peaceful movement for non-cooperation from 3 March 1971, and 7th march and onward, which lasted up to midnight of 25 March 1971. On this date the Pakistani Army cracked down upon unarmed civilians to take control of the administration. During the army crackdown on the night of March 25, 1971, there were reports of small scale resistance notably at Iqbal Hall, Dhaka University and at the Rajarbagh Police Headquarter. The latter initially put a strong fight against the Pakistan Army. As political events gathered momentum, the stage was set for a clash between the Pakistan Army and the Bengali people vowing for independence. Bengali members of the Army were also defecting and gathering in various pockets of the country.
All these early fights were disorganized and futile
because of the greater military strength of the Pakistani Army. Outside of Dhaka, resistance was more successful. The earliest move towards forming a liberation army officially came from the declaration of independence made by Major Ziaur Rahman of East Bengal Regiment on behalf of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. In the declaration made from Kalurghat Betar Kendra (Chittagong) on March 27, 1971, Zia assumed the title of "provisional commander in chief of the Bangladesh Liberation Army", though his area of operation remained confined to Chittagong and Noakhali areas. Major Ziaur Rahman's declaration on behalf of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman marked a break with Pakistan by the Bengali units of the army.
Organization during war
See also: Mujibnagar Government
Though prolonged Bengali resistance was not anticipated by Pakistani planners of Operation Searchlight,[9] when the Pakistani Army cracked down upon the population, the Mukti Bahini were becoming increasingly visible. Headed by Colonel (later, General) M. A. G. Osmani, a retired Pakistani Army officer, this band was raised as Mujib's action arm and security force before assuming the character of a conventional guerrilla force. After the declaration of independence, the Pakistani military sought to quell them, but increasing numbers of Bengali soldiers defected to the underground "Bangladesh army". These Bengali units slowly merged into the Mukti Bahini and bolstered their weaponry.
On April 12, 1971 Colonel (later General) M. A. G. Osmani assumed the command of armed forces at Teliapara (Sylhet) headquarters. Osmani was made the commander-in-chief of Bangladesh Armed Forces on April 17, 1971. Serious initiative for organising the Bangladesh liberation army was taken between 11–17 July. In a meeting of the sector commanders in Kolkata, four important resolutions were taken in consideration of strategic
aspects of the war, existing problems and future course of resistance. These were:
Composition and tactics of the combatants would be as follows:
Guerrilla teams comprising 5 to 10 trained members would be sent to specific areas of Bangladesh with specific assignments
Combat soldiers would carry out frontal attacks against the enemy. Between 50 and 100 per cent would carry arms. Intelligence volunteers would be engaged to collect information about the enemy. 30 percent of these people would be equipped with weapons;
The regular forces would be organised into battalions and sectors.
The following strategies would be adopted while carrying out military operations against the enemy
A large number of guerrillas would be sent out inside Bangladesh to carry out raids and ambushes;
Industries would be brought to a standstill and electricity supply would be disrupted;
Pakistanis would be obstructed in exporting manufactured goods and raw materials;
Communication network would be destroyed in order to obstruct enemy movements;
Enemy forces would be forced to disperse and scatter for strategic gains;
The whole area of Bangladesh would be divided into 11 sectors.
Other than the organizations of Mukti Bahini who were generally trained and armed by the Indian Army, there were independent guerrilla groups led by individual leaders, either nationalists or leftists, who were successfully controlling some areas.
Regular and irregular forces
Leaflets and pamphlets played an important role in driving public opinion during the war.
The regular forces later called Niomita Bahini (regular force) consisted of the members of the East Bengal Regiments (EBR), East Pakistan Rifles (EPR, later BDR), police, other paramilitary forces and the general people who were commanded by the army commanders in the 11 sectors all over Bangladesh. Three major forces: Z-Force under the command of Major (later, Major General) Ziaur Rahman, K-Force under Major (later Brigadier ) Khaled Mosharraf and S-Force under Major (later Major General) K M Shafiullah were raised afterwards to fight battles in efficient manners. The irregularforces, generally called Gono Bahini (people's army), were those who were trained more in guerrilla warfare than the conventional one.
The irregular forces, which after initial training joined different sectors, consisted of the students, peasants, workers and political activists. Irregular forces were initiated inside Bangladesh province to adopt guerrilla warfare against the enemy. The regular forces were engaged in fighting the usual way.
The Mukti Bahini obtained strength from the two main streams of fighting elements: members of armed forces of erstwhile East Pakistan and members of the urban and rural youths many of whome were volunteers.
Other groups included members of sangram parishads, youth and student wings of Awami League, NAP, Leftist-Communist Parties and radical groups. The Mukti Bahini had several factions. The foremost one was organized by the members of the regular armed force, who were generally known as Freedom Fighters (FF). Then there was Bangladesh Liberation Forces (BLF) led by four youth leaders of the political wing of Sheikh Mujib's Awami League and the third one generally known as Special Guerrilla Forces (SGF) led by the Communist Party of Bangladesh, National Awami Party, and Bangladesh Students Union. They then jointly launched guerrilla operations against the Pakistani Army causing heavy damages and casualties. This setback prompted the Pakistani Army to induct Razakars, Al-Badrs and Al-Shams (mostly members ofJamaat-e-Islami and other Islamist groups), as well as other Bengalis who opposed independence, and Biharis who had settled during the time of partition. This helped Pakistan stem the tide somewhat as the monsoon approached in the
months of June and July.
Bangladesh Navy
Bangladesh Navy was constituted in August 1971. Initially, there were two ships and 45 navy personnel. These ships carried out many successful raids on the Pakistani fleet. But both of these ships were mistakenly hit and destroyed by Indian fighter planes on 10 December 1971, when they were about to launch a major attack on Mongla seaport.
Bangladesh Air Force
Bangladesh Air Force started functioning on 28 September at Dimapur in Nagaland, under the command of Air Commodore AK Khondakar. Initially, it consisted of 17 officers, 50 technicians, 2 planes and 1 helicopter. The Air Force carried out more than twelve sorties against Pakistani targets and was quite successful during the initial stages of the Indian attack in early December.
Independent forces
In addition, there were also some independent forces that fought in various regions of Bangladesh and liberated many areas. These includedMujib Bahini which was organized in India. Major General Oban of the Indian Army and Student League leaders Serajul Alam Khan, Sheikh Fazlul Haque Mani, Kazi Arif Ahmed, Abdur Razzak, Tofael Ahmed, A. S. M. Abdur Rab, Shahjahan Siraj, Nur E Alam Siddiqi, and Abdul Quddus Makhon were organisers of this Bahini. There was the Kaderia Bahini under Kader Siddique of Tangail, Afsar Bahini and Aftab Bahiniof Mymensingh,Tiger Bahini under Abu Siddique Ahmed of Netrakona Latif Mirza Bahini of Sirajganj, Akbar Hossain Bahini of Jhinaidah,Quddus Molla and Gafur Bahini of Barisal, Hemayet Bahini under Hemayet Uddin of Faridpur..There were also several communist/leftist groups who clashed with the Pakistan Army, and controlled some areas independently.
Leftist factions
In addition,there were some other groups of freedom fighters which were controlled by the Leftist parties and groups including the NAP and Communist Parties. Among others, Siraj Sikder raised a strong guerrilla force which fought several battles with the Pakistani soldiers in Payarabagan, Barisal. Although there were ideological conflicts among the communist parties (most notably, split into pro-soviet and pro-Chinese factions and widespread split within the pro-Chinese faction) on deciding a common action in the context of Bangladesh Liberation, many of the individuals and leaders of Mukti Bahini were deeply influenced by the leftist ideology in general. There were strong concerns among the Indian authority and members of the Awami League led provisional government not to lose the control of the liberation war to the leftists. Nevertheless many leftists overcame these internal and external difficulties and actively participated in the Liberation war with the main nucleus of the Mukti Bahini.
Sectors of Liberation War
The eleven sectors
Main article: List of Sectors in Bangladesh Liberation War
Immediately after formation, the new government of Bangladesh shifted its focus on organizing the war against Pakistan Army. A Cabinet meeting of Bangladesh government on July 11, 1971
appointed Col. M. A. Goni Osmani as Commander in Chief, Lt. Col. Abdur Rab as Chief of Army Staff and Group Captain A K Khandker as Deputy Chief of Army Staff and Chief of Air Force.
In this meeting Bangladesh was divided into Eleven Sectors and each Sector was assigned a Sector Commander. The 10th Sector was directly placed under the Commander in Chief (C-in-C) and included the Naval Commandos and C-in-C’s special force.[10]
The Sector Commanders were chosen from defected officers of Pakistan army who joined the Mukti Bahini. These trained officers directed the guerrilla warfare as well as trained the independence militia who lacked formal training on military operations. Most of these training camps were situated near the border area and were operated with direct assistance from India.
For better efficiency in combat operations, each of the sectors were divided into a number of sub-sectors. The table below provides a list of the sectors along with the name of the sector commanders.
Sectors of Bangladesh Liberation War
Sector Area Sector Commander
1 Chittagong District, Chittagong Hill Tracts, and the entire eastern area of theNoakhali District on the banks of the river Muhuri.
Major Ziaur Rahman, later replaced by Major Rafiqul Islam
2 Districts of Dhaka, Comilla, Faridpur, and part of Noakhali District.
Major Khaled Mosharraf, later replaced by Major ATM Haider
3 Area between Churaman Kathi (near Sreemangal) and Sylhet in the north and Singerbil of Brahmanbaria in the south.
Major KM Shafiullah, later replaced by Major ANM Nuruzzaman.
4 Area from Habiganj District on the north to Kanaighat Police Station on the south along the 100 mile long border with India.
Major Chittarajan Datta, later replaced by Captain A Rab.
5 Area from Durgapur to Danki (Tamabil) of Sylhet District and the entire area up to the eastern borders of the district.
Major Mir Shawkat Ali
6 Rangpur District and part of Dinajpur District.
Wing Commander M Khademul Bashar
7 Rajshahi, Pabna, Bogra and part of Dinajpur District.
Major Nazmul Huq, later replaced by Subedar Major A Rab and Kazi Nuruzzaman.
8 In April 1971, the operational area of the sector comprised the districts of Kushtia,Jessore, Khulna, Barisal, Faridpur and Patuakhali. At the end of May the sector was reconstituted and comprised the districts of Kuhstia, Jessore, Khulna,Satkhira and the northern part of Faridpur district. Major Abu Osman Chowdhury, later replaced by Major MA Manzur.
9 Barisal, Patuakhali, and parts of the district of Khulna and Faridpur.
Major M A Jalil later replaced by Major MA Manzur and Major Joynal Abedin.
10 This sector was constituted with the naval commandos. Indian commander MN Sumanta.
11 Mymensingh and Tangail.
Major M Abu Taher, later replaced by Squadron Leader Hamidullah.
Source: Sectors of the War of Liberation; Shirin, S. M.; Banglapedia.
Mukti Bahini in the final phase
The liberation forces started carrying out massive raids into enemy fronts from October 1971. After the signing of the Indo-Soviet Treaty in August 1971, India began to demonstrate more interest in the Bangladesh war. Eventually India legally entered the war on 3 December 1971 (Indo-Pakistani War of 1971) after Pakistan's preemptive air raids on some Indian cities in the western border. In fact, the Indian soldiers were already participating in the war in different guises since November when the independence fighters had launched the Belonia battle. When the Indian Army planned to avoid battles and seize the capital Dhaka in the shortest campaign possible, the Mukti Bahini made the task much easier by confining the Pakistani army and holding them back from moving towards to capital.
Despite the difficult terrain of Bangladesh, the war was won rapidly. Dhaka was liberated in a matter of two weeks.
The Mukti Bahini were a major contributing factor in the Indian Victory fighting both as irregulars, and as conventional forces alongside the Indians. Several actions in the heart of the capital and the killing of Monaem Khan, a loyalist, anti-Bengali and ex-governor of East Pakistan, proved the effectiveness and capability of the guerrillas.
On 16 December 1971, commander of the 14 division of Pakistan army Major General Jamshed surrendered to Indian General Nagra near Mirpur bridge in Dhaka. At 10.40 am, the Indian allied force and Kader Siddique entered Dhaka city. That signaled the end of the 9-month long War of Liberation of Bangladesh. Scattered battles were still waged at various places of the country.
The Commander of Eastern Command of the Pakistan Army, Lt. General A. A. K. Niazi surrendered to the commander of the joint Indo-Bangladesh force and the chief of Indian eastern command Lt. General Jagjit Singh Arora. The Bangladesh Forces were represented at the ceremony by Group Captain A. K. Khandker.
Mitro Bahini
References
1. ^ Dangerous Liaison by Raza Naeem, Frontline, Volume 26 - Issue 15, July 18–31, 2009
2. ^ Why the Movement for Bangladesh Succeeded: A military appreciation by Mumtaz Iqbal
3. ^ Genocide in Bangladesh, 1971. Gendercide Watch.
4. ^ Emerging Discontent, 1966-70. Country Studies Bangladesh
5. ^ Anatomy of Violence: Analysis of Civil War in East Pakistan in 1971: Military Action: Operation Searchlight Bose S Economic and Political Weekly Special Articles, October 8, 2005
6. ^ The Pakistani Slaughter That Nixon Ignored , Syndicated Column by Sydney Schanberg, New York Times, May 3, 1994
7. ^ a b Crisis in South Asia - A report by Senator Edward Kennedy to the Subcommittee investigating the Problem of Refugees and Their Settlement, Submitted to U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee, November 1, 1971, U.S. Govt. Press.pp6-7
8. ^ India and Pakistan: Over the Edge. TIME Dec 13, 1971 Vol. 98 No. 24
9. ^ Pakistan Defence Journal, 1977, Vol 2, p2-3
10. ^ Bangladesh Liberation Armed Force, Liberation War Museum, Bangladesh.
Jagjit singh Arora